1. Genetics (Concept + Application)

A woman with blood group A and a man with blood group B have a child with blood group O.

What are the possible genotypes of the parents?

What are the chances of having a child with AB blood group?

2. Molecular Biology

Explain how a mutation in the promoter region of a gene can affect protein synthesis, even if the coding sequence is normal.

3. Plant Physiology

During photosynthesis, why does the rate of oxygen evolution decrease at very high light intensity, even when CO is sufficient?

4. Cell Biology

If the Na/K pump stops working in a cell: What immediate changes occur in membrane potential?

How will it affect secondary active transport?

5. Human Physiology

Why does a person with severe diarrhea develop metabolic acidosis? Explain the physiological mechanism.

6. Enzymes (Numerical + Concept)

An enzyme has a Vmax of 100 units and Km of 5 mM.

Calculate the reaction velocity when substrate concentration is 5 mM.

What does Km indicate about enzyme affinity?

7. Ecology

In a food chain:

Grass Grasshopper Frog Snake Eagle

If frog population suddenly decreases, predict the long-term ecological impact.

8. Biotechnology

Why are restriction enzymes called molecular scissors?

Explain sticky ends vs blunt ends with their importance in cloning.

9. Evolution

How does genetic drift differ from natural selection in small populations?

10. AssertionReason (High Level)

Assertion: Oxygen dissociation curve shifts right during exercise.

Reason: Increased CO reduces hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.

Choose

correct option and justify.

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