Law of Demand (maang ka niyam) arthshastra (economics) ka ek buniyadi siddhant hai jo keemat (price) aur maang (quantity demanded) ke beech ke sambandh ko darshata hai.
Sarnal shabdon mein: “Agar baaki sabhi cheezein (jaise income, taste) badle nahi, toh jab kisi cheez ki keemat badhti hai, toh uski maang ghat jati hai. Aur jab keemat girti hai, toh uski maang badh jati hai.”
Isko ek inverse (ulta) relationship kaha jata hai.
Law of Demand ke peeche ke mukhya karan (Reasons)
Jab keemat girti hai toh log zyada kyon khareedte hain? Iske peeche 5 bade karan hain:
1. Income Effect (Aay ka prabhav)
Jab kisi product ki keemat girti hai, toh upbhokta (consumer) ki “Real Income” ya khareedne ki shakti (purchasing power) badh jati hai. Iska matlab hai ki ab woh utne hi paison mein us cheez ki zyada maang kar sakta hai.
2. Substitution Effect (Pratisthapan prabhav)
Jab ek cheez sasti hoti hai, toh woh apne “substitutes” (vikalp) ke muqable zyada aakarshak lagne lagti hai.
Udaharan: Agar Coffee ki keemat gir jaye, toh Chai peene wale kuch log Coffee ki taraf shift ho sakte hain. Isse Coffee ki maang badh jayegi.
3. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Yeh niyam kehta hai ki jaise-jaise hum kisi cheez ka upbhog (consumption) badhate hain, har agli unit se milne wali santushti (satisfaction) kam hoti jati hai. Isliye, ek grahak agli unit tabhi khareedega jab uski kee
mat kam ho.
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