1. Open the simulation and select the tab labelled “States.”
2. Click through the different states (Solid, Liquid, Gas) while observing Neon.
   • Neon is selected by default and is light blue/ cyan in color.
   • Question 1: Describe the primary differences as you change phases.
3. Reset via the yellow button.
4. Select “Water” and once again flip through the various states of matter.
   • Question 2: Describe how water acts as you go through the various phase changes.
   • Question 3: There should be a large difference between how water and neon behave when they are solid. What is this difference?
   • Question 4: You have observed this behavior in water at some point in your life. How does water behave when you freeze it? Did you observe that in the simulation?
5. Reset again.
6. Select oxygen.
7. Apply heat by grabbing the Heat/Cool slider and sliding it up.
8. At some point the oxygen undergoes its first phase change.
   • Question 5: What phase does it change into and at what temperature? How did you know that the phase change occurred?
9. Apply some more heat to the oxygen until it undergoes a second phase change.
   • Question 6: What phase does it change into and at what temperature? How did you know that the phase change occurred?
10. Cool the oxygen until the molecules completely stop moving.
    • Question 7: What temperature is the O2 at? What is another name for this temperature?
11. Switch to the phase changes tab of the simulation.
12. Open the phase diagram of the simulation.
    • Question 8: What is the default pressure and temperature of the neon?
13. Heat the neon until it is behaving like a liquid (~26K).
    • Let the sim run for a minute so the handful of particles can do their thing.
    • Question 9: What are the new temperature and pressure of the neon?
14. Heat the neon until it is behaving like a gas (~28K)
    • Question 10: What are the new temperature and pressure of the neon?
    • Question 11: What can you say occurs to pressure as you increase temperature? Why?
    • Question 12: Have you observed this anywhere in real life? (think about things you inflate: balls/tires/floaties/balloons)
15. Slowly move the lid down about half way.
    • Question 13: What are the new temperature and pressure of the neon?
    • Question 14: What can you say occurs to temperature as pressure increases?
16. Now very slowly cool the neon until it behaves like a liquid again.
    • Question 15: What are the new temperature and pressure of the neon?
    • Question 16: Were you able to achieve a higher temperature liquid under pressure? (It’s okay if no: the simulation makes it hard to achieve) This is the principle behind pressure cookers- they force all of the heat you apply to the pot back in to food.

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