The Aurora Borealis is more than just pretty lightsits actually a space-weather event happening above us.
Deeper but still simple explanation:
The Sun is always releasing energy and tiny charged particles (called solar wind). Sometimes, during strong solar activity like solar flares, even more particles are sent toward space.
When these particles reach the Earth, they dont just hit the ground because Earth is protected by a magnetic field (like an invisible shield). This magnetic field guides the particles toward the North Pole and South Pole.
As the particles enter Earths upper atmosphere, they collide with gases like:
Oxygen
Nitrogen
These collisions give energy to the gas particles. When the gases release that energy, they glowthis is what we see as the aurora.
Why it moves like curtains or waves?
The lights move because the charged particles are affected by Earths magnetic field, causing them to flow and swirl in the sky.
Why mostly near the poles?
Because thats where the magnetic field lines are strongest and guide the particles downward.
Extra fact: A similar light happens in the South Pole called the Aurora Australis.
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